Tuesday, May 26, 2020

China's "Bat Woman" Warns Coronavirus Is Just Tip Of The Iceberg

China's "Bat Woman" Warns Coronavirus Is Just Tip Of The Iceberg
Known as China's "bat woman," the deputy director of the Wuhan Institute of Virology said research into viruses needs scientists and governments to be transparent and cooperative.
World(c) 2020 BloombergBloomberg NewsUpdated: May 26, 2020 11:41 am IST
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China's 'Bat Woman' Warns Coronavirus Is Just Tip Of The Iceberg
Shi Zhengli said if we don't study the unknown viruses there can be another outbreak.


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Shi Zhengli, a virologist renowned for her work on coronavirus in bats, said in an interview on Chinese state television that viruses being discovered now are "just the tip of the iceberg" and called for international cooperation in the fight against epidemics.
Known as China's "bat woman," the deputy director of the Wuhan Institute of Virology said research into viruses needs scientists and governments to be transparent and cooperative, and that it is "very regrettable" when science is politicized.

"If we want to prevent human beings from suffering from the next infectious disease outbreak, we must go in advance to learn of these unknown viruses carried by wild animals in nature and give early warnings," Shi told CGTN. "If we don't study them there will possibly be another outbreak."

Her interview with TV channel CGTN coincided with the start of the National People's Congress, an annual meeting of China's top leadership in Beijing. This year's NPC comes as the country's relationship with the U.S. turns increasingly frayed, with President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Michael Pompeo both saying the coronavirus sweeping the world is likely linked to the Wuhan laboratory.

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China denies accusations COVID-19 was made in a lab

China's foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said on Thursday the World Health Organization has said there is no evidence that the coronavirus originated in a lab in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the epidemic first emerged in late 2019.

China has rejected the accusations. Shi has said that the genetic characteristics of the viruses she's worked with didn't match those of the coronavirus spreading in humans. In a social media post, she wrote she would "swear on my life" the pandemic had nothing to do with her lab. In another interview with CGTN over the weekend, the director of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wang Yanyi, said the idea that the virus escaped from the lab was "pure fabrication."

The outbreak has infected more than 5.4 million people worldwide and killed over 345,000.

(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)




Monday, May 25, 2020

Dopamine, Serotonin and Rines

Dopamine,  Serotonin and Rines

Dopamine is a messenger molecule in the brain that allows certain nerve cells to communicate with one another. Underestimated at its discovery, dopamine proved critical to central nervous system functions such as movement, pleasure, attention, mood, and motivation.


Dopamine is broken down into inactive metabolites by a set of enzymes—monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), acting in sequence.


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Ginkgo biloba. If you're looking to take the natural approach to treating mild depression, you may want to give ginkgo biloba supplements a try. ...
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Brain serotonin levels can also be raised by eating foods rich in L-tryptophan, such as chicken, eggs, cheese, turkey, beef, salmon and tuna, tempeh, beans, lentils, spinach and other dark green leafy vegetables, pumpkin and chia seeds, and nuts.


Scientists have discovered an enzyme called Rines that regulates MAO-A, a major brain protein controlling emotion and mood. ... Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, norephinephrine and dopamine, neurotransmitters well-known for their influence on emotion and mood.



Brain molecule regulating human emotion, mood uncovered


August 6, 2013


Scientists have discovered an enzyme called Rines that regulates MAO-A, a major brain protein controlling emotion and mood. The enzyme is a potentially promising drug target for treating diseases associated with emotions such as depression.

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A RIKEN research team has discovered an enzyme called Rines that regulates MAO-A, a major brain protein controlling emotion and mood. The enzyme is a potentially promising drug target for treating diseases associated with emotions such as depression.


Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, norephinephrine and dopamine, neurotransmitters well-known for their influence on emotion and mood. Nicknamed the "warrior gene," a variant of the MAOA gene has been associated with increased risk of violent and anti-social behavior.


While evidence points to a link between MAO-A levels and various emotional patterns, however, the mechanism controlling MAO-A levels in the brain has remained unknown.


Now, a research team headed by Jun Aruga at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute has shown for the first time that a ligase named Rines (RING finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase) regulates these levels. Their research shows that mice without the Rines gene exhibit impaired stress responses and enhanced anxiety, controlled in part through the regulation of MAO-A levels. The study is published today in Journal of Neuroscience.


As the first study to demonstrate regulation of MAO-A protein via the ubiquitin proteasomal system, this research presents a promising new avenue for analyzing the role of MAO-A in brain function. Further research promises insights into the treatment of anxiety, stress-related disorders and impaired social functions.


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Materials provided by RIKEN. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:


Kabayama et al. Rines E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulates MAO-A Levels and Emotional Responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 2013 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5717-12.2013

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RIKEN. "Brain molecule regulating human emotion, mood uncovered." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 August 2013. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130806203325.htm>.